By India’s participation at COP29 highlighted its role as a global leader in advocating for climate justice and equity. With a growing population and rapidly developing economy, India faces unique challenges in its climate journey. At COP29, India called for a global response that is not only environmentally sustainable but also socially and economically equitable, particularly for developing countries. The country raised critical concerns regarding unilateral trade measures, unmet financial commitments from developed nations, and the pressing need for greater access to green technologies.
The Problem with Unilateral Trade Measures
A major issue India brought to the forefront at COP29 was the impact of unilateral trade measures, such as carbon tariffs and trade barriers imposed by developed countries. These measures disproportionately affect developing countries, which struggle to meet the high emission reduction targets set by developed nations. India specifically mentioned the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which taxes imports based on their carbon emissions.
India argued that such policies are unfair, as they create trade barriers that hinder developing nations’ ability to compete globally. For countries like India, which are still in the process of industrialization, these measures could become a major obstacle to growth. The country called for a global framework based on multilateral agreements rather than protectionist policies, stressing that climate change is a collective challenge that requires cooperation rather than division.
The Urgent Need for Climate Finance
One of the key concerns raised by India at COP29 was the lack of progress in climate finance. Developed countries had pledged to provide $100 billion annually to assist developing nations in mitigating and adapting to climate change. However, India pointed out that these promises remain largely unmet, leaving developing countries struggling to fund their climate initiatives.
India called for the fulfillment of these financial commitments and emphasized that climate finance must be made accessible and predictable. The country also stressed that this funding should be provided in the form of grants and non-debt-based support to avoid further economic burdens on developing countries. Without adequate financial resources, India and other nations in the Global South would be unable to scale up their climate actions.
Technology Transfer for a Green Future
Access to affordable and cutting-edge green technologies is essential for developing countries to transition to a low-carbon economy. India raised the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR) that restrict the flow of green technologies across borders. At COP29, India called for the removal of IPR barriers that prevent countries from accessing vital renewable energy technologies.
India’s delegation emphasized that technology transfer is crucial for developing nations to achieve sustainable growth. The country urged the global community to create a framework that facilitates the free transfer of green technologies, ensuring that all nations have the tools they need to tackle the climate crisis.
Promoting a Just Transition for Workers and Communities
India also advocated for a just transition to a green economy, ensuring that vulnerable workers and communities are not left behind. India pointed out that while transitioning to cleaner energy is essential for tackling climate change, it must be done in a way that supports those who are most affected by the shift away from fossil fuels. This includes providing alternative livelihoods for workers in carbon-intensive industries and creating social safety nets for marginalized communities.
A just transition ensures that the economic and social impacts of climate policies are minimized, particularly for vulnerable populations. India’s call for a just transition highlighted the need to integrate social considerations into global climate action plans.
India’s Vision for an Equitable Climate Future
India’s stance at COP29 emphasized the importance of global cooperation in addressing the climate crisis. By advocating for climate finance, technology transfer, and fair trade policies, India has positioned itself as a champion of developing nations in global climate negotiations. As the world moves forward in its efforts to tackle climate change, India’s vision for equitable climate action will remain a crucial part of the ongoing discourse on a sustainable future for all.